Artemisia herba-alba: Scientists Have Discovered That a Common Herb Could Help Treat Colon Cancer

Scientists from the University of Sharjah discovered that Artemisia herba-alba, a common medicinal herb, contains compounds that can effectively fight colorectal cancer. Their study found that the plant extract stops cancer cell growth, induces cell death, and disrupts key cancer-related pathways, highlighting its potential as a natural treatment alternative.

Researchers have found that Artemisia herba-alba, a medicinal herb, contains compounds capable of fighting colorectal cancer. The plant extract halted cancer cell growth, disrupted key pathways, and showed potential as a less harmful alternative to chemotherapy.

Scientists from the University of Sharjah have discovered that Artemisia herba-alba, a naturally occurring aromatic herb, contains compounds with potential therapeutic effects against colorectal cancer.

This herb, commonly known as common wormwood, white wormwood, or herba alba, grows naturally in North Africa and the Middle East, where it has long been used in traditional medicine. Local populations have historically relied on it to treat conditions such as bronchitis, diarrhea, hypertension, and diabetes.

The news that it can be an effective weapon to fight colorectal cancer is reported in a study published in the peer-reviewed journal Food Science and Nutrition.

Inhibitory effect escalating concentration of A. herba-alba extract on cell viability of various colon cancer cell lines after (A) 24 h and (B) 48 h of incubation. Credit: Food Science & Nutrition (2024): 

“These results suggest that Artemisia herba-alba has great potential as a new tool in fighting CRC (colorectal cancer),” says Dr. Lara Bou Malhab. “Artemisia herba-alba could be a promising natural ingredient for new cancer treatments based on (our study’s) findings.”

Research Methodology

Dr. Bou Malhab, the study’s lead author, is a research associate at Sharjah University’s Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences. The plant material for the study included aerial parts of Artemisia herba-alba that were collected from southern Jordan in May 2021.

“[Co-author) Prof. M. Hudaib, an esteemed expert in Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry at the University of Jordan’s School of Pharmacy, conducted the botanical identification of these specimens,” the authors write. “After collection, the aerial parts were air-dried at room temperature, and protected from direct sunlight to avoid deterioration of sensitive components.”

Once dried, the plant material was mechanically ground into fine powder “with particles no larger than 0.5 mm. This preliminary step was done to enhance the effectiveness of the next extraction process, guaranteeing the highest possible amount of the extracted phytochemicals.”

The study finds that the extract contained many active compounds with properties capable of fighting colorectal cancer with various degrees of effectiveness. The findings show that the extract from Artemisia herba-alba stopped the growth of cancerous cells and caused them to die, regardless of specific genetic traits.

A. herba-alba promotes cell death in all CRC cell lines tested. The percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cells was assessed by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining. Control cells were cultured in media, whereas treated cells were treated with the extract for 48 h with their corresponding IC50 concentration. DMSO was used as a negative control. Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 represent the average of three independent experiments is represented. Credit: Credit: Food Science & Nutrition (2024):

“It also disrupted the cell cycle and reduced the activity of proteins like Cyclin B1 and CDK1, which are crucial for cancer cell division. Additionally, it blocked the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which plays a major role in cancer development,” adds Dr. Bou Malhab.

“The current study underscores the extract’s selective cytotoxicity against CRC cell lines, highlighting its potential to serve as a complementary treatment to existing cancer treatment with more efficacious and less harmful alternatives.

“Our findings highlight the immense potential of Artemisia herba-alba as a natural source for developing innovative therapies against colorectal cancer, addressing the urgent need for treatments with fewer side effects and greater efficacy.”

Colorectal Cancer: A Growing Global Concern

Colorectal cancer or CRC is the third most common cancer worldwide. It accounts for nearly 10% of all cancer cases. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In 2020, it caused 1 million deaths with two million new cases reported in the same year. According to World Health Organization, CRC predominantly affects old individuals with most cases occurring in people aged 50 and above.

“Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and serious illness, making it essential to find new and better treatments,” emphasizes Dr. Bou Malhab.

The study could assume considerable significance if noted and adopted by big pharma as current traditional chemotherapy, used to treat colorectal cancer, faces challenges with cancerous cells becoming resistant to the drugs besides their harmful side effect.

“Which is why alternative solutions are needed. One plant, Artemisia herba-alba, known for its medicinal applications, was studied for its ability to fight CRC,” maintains Dr. Bou Malhab.” Researchers tested a methanol-based extract of this plant on eight different types of CRC cells, aiming to see how it affected cell survival, growth, and death, as well as its impact on a key cancer-related pathway.”

The study’s findings emphasize Artemisia herba-alba’s “potential as an anticancer agent for CRC. [They] demonstrate its cytotoxic effects, ability to induce apoptosis, ability to arrest the cell cycle …, suggesting a wider therapeutic significance.”

As they conclude their study by recounting their findings, the scientists urge further research “to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and clinical efficacy of Artemisia herba-alba in the context of cancer treatment.”

Reference: “Exploring the Anticancer Effect of Artemisia herba-alba on Colorectal Cancer: Insights From Eight Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines” by Lara J. Bou Malhab, Amani A. Harb, Leen Eldohaji, Jalal Taneera, Hamza M. Al-Hroub, Ahmad Abuhelwa, Karem H. Alzoubi, Bashaer Abu-Irmaileh, Mohammad Hudaib, Jehad Almaliti, Wael M. Abdel-Rahman, Abdallah Shanableh, Mohammad H. Semreen, Waseem El-Huneidi, Eman Abu-Gharbieh and Yasser Bustanji, 31 December 2024, Food Science & Nutrition.

ARTICLE BY UNIVERSITY OF SHARJAH

Artemisia herba-alba: Scientists Have Discovered That a Common Herb Could Help Treat Colon Cancer